In this article, Kali Akuno of Cooperation Jackson ask critical questions like what is the root cause of racism and national oppression in the U.S.? What are the underlying reasons for the fact that Black people remain at the bottom of the U.S. economy? What are African-American organizations and communities doing to resist the persistence of institutional racism and structural inequality? What are we doing to combat advancing structural exclusion from the formal economy, which is intensifying our dehumanization making large sectors of our people disposable? And what is the direction forward?